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Tabriz
Tabriz, capital of
azarbaijan,has for centuries enjoyed a great reputation
as an omportant weaving centre in Iran.in this city.
carpet weaving has had a long record. The dimentions
vary from the smallest up to the biggest sizes.for many
long years, Tabriz carpets, with theire intresting
designs, durability, fineness, and pleasant colours have
always been sought after in iran and abroad.
Tabriz
is the second largest city in Iran, situated in the
north. The carpets from Tabriz are of high quality and
come in a great variety of sizes. The pattern could be
floral, vases, trees, hunting scenes or teardrop
medallions. The most famous design is called “Mahi”. The
pile is of wool or wool/silk, while the warp cotton or
silk. Antique carpets from Tabriz are extremely valuable
and can be found only in museums or in exclusive private
collections.
During the second
world war, when carpet weaving in shirvan and other
parts of caucasia came to a standstill, the ardebil
weavers thout to seize the opportunity and take
advantage of the situation. They decided to change and
modify their designs to increase their sales. The
runners and the carpets woven in ardebil are definitely
under the influence of Caucasian and Tabriz designs.
Recently, the prevalent colours of the ardabil rugs are
turquoise blue, off-white, blue, beige and sometimes
green.
the province of
hamedan is located in the west of Iran, and the city of
hamedan,the capital of this province, in one of the most
ancient and historical cities of Iran. Its origin goes
back to the second millennium B.C. the medes made in
their capital. After the conquest of Alexander the great
the greek(331 B.C.)name Ekbatana was used. This province
is one of the most important regions in Iran that
produces large quantities of carpets. in this province
the carpets are wovwn in floral and stylized patterns.
Many years ago the colours used for weaving them was
natural beige or camel wool which had agreat success
amidst the Europeans, as they found them very suitable
to spread in the dark and narrow corridors and halls of
their buildings. Nowadays they still use these natural
colours.
in the city of malayer
carpet weaving is very popular and has a good market.
The design, especially the older ones,which are very
common in malayer, are more or less similar to those
made in arak region such as sarugh and farahan.some
carpets of this region are famous by the name of
“Armani-baft” that has the same design as the Caucasian
carpets. The ancestor of these weavers had emigrated
from caucasia and Armenia in the 17th century, therefore
all the carpets woven in malayer and its surrounding
villages are in stylized patterns, mostly in medallion
and Harati design. The sizes often demanded are runners,
kalleghi and sajjadeh.
kerman is both the
name of the province and its capital.although carpet
weaving in kerman precedes the safavid dynasty, yet the
flourishing period was during the reign of the same
rulers. The Americans became fond of carpets with high
pile and larg flowers. After a short period their taste
changed and they preferred carpets with a plain
background and design with small flowers.
Qum (Qom, Kum, Koum, Kumm, Qhom, Ghom)
These carpets are
named after the holy town of Qum, located 150km south of
Tehran. Here one finds the tomb of Shah Abbas
(1586-1628), the great patron of carpet weaving. These
carpets are very tightly knotted and the pile is mostly
of silk. One can even find extremely fine carpets where
both pile warp and weft are of silk. If the pile is of
wool there is often silk decor in the details. Qum has a
great variation of patterns, flowers, medallions,
cypresses, gardens, hunting scenes, vases and birds. The
colours are often reddish brown, dark blue, orange or
pink, but somewhere in the Qum carpet you almost always
find turquoise.
These carpets are made
in the small town of Nain which has always had a
reputation of producing high quality wool. The carpets
from Nain are also known for their fine patterns,
similar to those of Isfahan. Many carpets have patterns
of plants and animals, but most of them have intertwined
branches with small flowers. The colors are typical of
the region, light ivory or white with branches in blue
or green. The knots of wool and threads of silk are
often seen to emphasize the pattern.
These carpets come
from the old Persian capital Isfahan and were probably
the first to be recognized in the west. During the reign
of Shah Abbas, many carpets were sent as gifts to the
rulers of western countries. The Isfahan carpets - as
well as those from Nain - have patterns of flowers and
intertwined branches, often with a medallion, but one
can also find hunting scenes and the tree of life. In
Najafabad, close to Isfahan, they produce similar
carpets, but then the warp is of cotton.
Kashan is a well known
industrial town of Iran and the carpets produced in this
region bear its name. There are two kinds of Kashan
carpets. The first is made of unbleached cotton warps
and double wefts of cotton using the Persian knot
technique and the second kind of Kashan uses pure silk
wefts and double silk warps, employing the same Turkish
known method. The Mehrab and medallion are common
patterns of Kashan carpets.
There are two kinds of
Hereke carpets, one has a wool pile and cotton warp and
the other silk pile with silk warp, which makes it a
very elegant carpet.
This is a Turkoman
carpet produced by the Tekke tribe and is known in the
west as “Bokhara”. The town of Bokhara being the main
trading centre of the area. The typical Tekke has a
broad border and the center field is decorated with
octagon-shaped “guls”. The pattern is always geometric
and the colours are often dark red with the pattern in
blue and white.
Qashaqai is a tribal
city of Iran. Qashaqai weave is finer with a tight
ridged back construction and shorter pile. Genuine old
Qashaqai, are miracles of weaving and colouring skills.
But it is a great pity since the Qashqai, the most
important of the Turkish tribe in Iran, use only the
Turkish knot.
The Bakhtyari nomads
live in the south west of Iran between Isfahan and
Malyar. The three main carpet-weaving areas being Chahar
Kurd, Chahar Shutur and Shalem Zar. Many have now
abandoned their nomadic life, which explains why some
Bakhtyari carpets can be quite large. The wool is thick
on sturdy warp of cotton. This makes the carpets heavy
but very hardwearing. Many Bakhtyaris, particularly
those from Shalem Zar, have the “garden motif” with a
pattern is squares with animals, trees, and flowers.
Warm natural shades
and strong designs are the common features of these
rugs. If used with modern or antique furniture, they
will give a new dimension of luxury to homes. The
majority of Caucasian pile rugs have woolen warps and
wefts. There are many kinds of Caucasian pile rugs
relating to the places like Koba, Baku, Shirvan, Kazak,
Karabakh and Azerbaijan.
These carpets are made
by the Baluchi nomads in the Khorsan area (from the town
of Meshed, Afghanistan). They use horizontal primitive
looms and mostly weave small carpets. The pile is often
sheep wool dyed into a dark rd or blue color but they
also use camel hair in brown and beige and goat hair for
the edges. The warp is often a wool, except in the
Meshed-Baluh where they use cotton. The pattern is
geometric.
There are many kinds
of kilim rugs. Kilim differ from one another depending
upon their region of origin. Some are made by unbleached
woolen warps and single unbleached woolen wefts. In
making kilims like Soumak, but it differs from other
kilims with it’s softer outer surface and colourful
shades. There is no pile in kilim.
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